frontiers in computational neuroscience

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. Spin-glass models of neural networks. Second, I have shown that although different levels of explanation for the operation of the system may be useful for different purposes, some levels of explanation may be more accurate than others. In the same situation, if the linking weight is weak, this will make little contribution to the stability. Confabulations and related disorders: we’ve come a long way, but there is still a lot to do! doi: 10.1075/aicr.56.09rol, Rolls, E. T. (2007a). Open Access allows taxpayers to see the . Neuroculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This framework combines measurable point spread functions with measurable noise distributions to produce theoretical . The relation between what is happening at the different levels of explanation is instead described as supervenient (or subvenient) (Rolls, 2021a). doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.021, Rolls, E. T., and Deco, G. (2015b). Moreover, the neural level is more substantive, for it enables the links in the causal chains that might lead to different effects to be followed across time, whereas events expressed in words at a higher mental level may be too imprecise to reflect more than correlations; and further, may reflect confabulation. Sometimes it may be the mental level, for example when we are explaining how we may have made progress with a problem such as the relation between the mind and the brain; and sometimes it may be the brain level, for example when we are considering which drug may be appropriate to treat a particular mental disorder. Progress in understanding the amazing capabilities of the brain is still limited, and we believe that it will only come with deep theoretical thinking and mutually stimulating cooperation between different disciplines and approaches. Another example might be that excessive synaptic pruning or reductions in synaptic transmission produced by lower NMDA receptor efficacy may causally contribute to some of cognitive and behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia (Rolls, 2021b). This term, “convenience,” has the advantage that it could be applied to both supervenience and subvenience, and does not carry with it the implications of the term “supervenience” as it may be understood by some philosophers. The new frontiers of robotics research foresee future scenarios where artificial agents will leave the laboratory to progressively take part in the activities of our daily life. Should we consider this to be a case of “downward causation,” as suggested (Woodward, 2021b)? 1: 2015: This point is important. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 的ISO4標準期刊縮寫為「Front.Comput. This time scale, with very many time-steps of 10 ms on each side of the putative cause-effect relationship should be adequate, in that the time-scale of computation in the brain is in the order of 10–15 ms, which is the time that it might take a pattern association network, a competitive network, or even an attractor network to perform its computation (Rolls, 2021c) (see below). In a first step towards the comprehension of neural activity, one should focus on the stability of the various dynamical states. Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation. Take the example that the position in the status hierarchy might be considered to be the cause for altered gene expression which alters serotonin levels. (1982). Human and Animal Minds. Which of these behaviors is chosen depends on impulsiveness, which is influenced by similar brain regions (Dalley and Robbins, 2017). Synchronization of neural activity across brain regions is critical to processes that include perception, learning, and memory. Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed open access scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.It was founded in 2007 by a group of neuroscientists, including Henry and Kamila Markram, and later expanded to other academic fields. Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2007 Symposium (2008) Chapter: Computational Cognitive Neuroscience and Its Applications--Laurent Itti The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. We therefore invite original contributions on a wide range of topics that present the fruits of such cooperation, or provide stimuli for future alliances. Models of all styles and at all levels are welcome, from biophysically motivated realistic simulations of neurons and synapses to high-level abstract models of inference and decision making. Uncertainpy: A Python Toolbox for Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis in Computational Neuroscience @article{Tenne2018UncertainpyAP, title={Uncertainpy: A Python Toolbox for Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis in Computational Neuroscience}, author={S. Tenn{\o}e and G. Halnes and G. Einevoll}, journal={Frontiers . So this is a necessary condition for causality. Open Access allows taxpayers to see the . Confabulation may happen frequently when the emotional brain contributes an input to a decision, and the rational brain confabulates an explanation for why the choice was made, because there are multiple routes to action (Rolls, 2014; Figure 1). The dynamics of the operation of the system, while it falls into its attractor state, which is one of a limited number of possible stable memory states, occurs continuously in time, and does not require the neurons to ask the next level up, at which the theory of the number of stable states can be analyzed (Hopfield, 1982; Treves, 1991; Treves and Rolls, 1991), whether the current stable state meets the criteria: the neuronal population just falls into one of its possible stable states based on interactions between the population of neurons. These networks are typically localized to a small area of neocortex, to minimize the axonal connection length between the neurons that must interact in the same network. Indeed, many examples of what might be claimed to be top-down causation may be because the concept at the high level is inadequately defined for it to be really testable as a cause. 25/01/2021 The whole processing can then be specified from the mechanistic level of neuronal firings, etc., up through the computational level to the cognitive and behavioral level, as described elsewhere (Rolls, 2021a,c). It is essential to understand the operation at this level, in terms of the information conveyed by the train of action potentials from a single neuron, which can be 0.3 bits in even a short time period of 20–50 ms (Tovee and Rolls, 1995; Rolls et al., 1997b, 1999), but which is largely independent from even nearby neurons (up to tens of neurons), as shown by the evidence that the information rises linearly with the number of single neurons being recorded (Rolls et al., 1997a; Rolls and Treves, 2011; Rolls, 2021c). The reason for this is that an interventionist account of causality might diagnose cases of causality that act across levels of explanation. The Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience rely on 22bit visual binary code, behaving like fiber optic cables relaying strings of data across electrochemical barriers and connections. J. Phys. Dilution and sparse coding in threshold-linear nets. More complex forms of information flow are transient synchronizations and multi-frequency behaviors with metrics . Recent years have seen an explosion of activity in the field of biomedical imaging in an attempt to understand the behavior of the brain in healthy and disease states. Frontiers in computational neuroscience 10, 94. , 2016. Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year. The causal closure of physics in real world contexts. [For binary neurons with either a high or a zero firing rate, the sparseness is the proportion of neurons with a high firing rate (Treves and Rolls, 1991; Rolls, 2021c)]. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003376. The other types of route may be implicit, and include the anterior cingulate cortex for action-outcome, goal-dependent, learning (Rolls, 2019); and the striatum and rest of the basal ganglia for stimulus-response habits (Rolls, 2014, 2021c). (2021a). Thanks to our authors, reviewers, and editors for accelerating scientific discovery and developing new solutions. Res. The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. (2014) Current Practice in Software Development for Computational Neuroscience and How to Improve It PLOS Computational Biology, 10(1):e1003376. Entirely new approaches may be required, motivating an analysis of the fundamental physical constraints on the problem. The journal encourages submissions from the research community where attention will be on the novelty and the practical impact of the published findings. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience. International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. Information processing in the brain is thought to rely on the convergence and divergence of oscillatory behaviors of widely distributed brain areas. In relation to neuroscience, the timing of a set of events measured with an accuracy of in the order of 10 ms and for a sufficient period on either side of the causal event being tested would suffice. Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. 95, 448–490. Bibliographic content of Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Volume 13 With Open Access, researchers can read and build on the findings of others without restriction. (2005). Undirected edges indicate supervenience / subvenience relations which apply upward and downward and are non-causal. Nor is there a high-level part of the program that knows about Eqn (2) and checks if p is too high, and if so causes the lower level to fall into a random spin state (i.e., random set of neurons firing). While the journal is primarily focused on theoretically based and driven research, we welcome experimental studies that validate and test theoretical conclusions. 3 talking about this. The book is divided into two main parts. In the first part, leading experimental neuroscientists discuss data on the electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and molecular characteristics of hippocampal circuits. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 15, 2021. The argument follows from my approach to causality in minds and brains, that causality can best be considered as operating within a level of explanation, and not between levels. Neurosci. If we have a set of non-linear neurons in a network with excitatory synapses of strength wij between each pair of neurons i and j and the firing rate of each neuron is y, and this forms an attractor network in which the synaptic weights reflect the stored memory patterns (see Rolls, 2016, 2021c), then the energy of the whole neuronal population can be expressed (Hopfield, 1982; Treves, 1991; Treves and Rolls, 1991) as. Neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex of the behaving monkey. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Funder ETH Domain for Blue Brain Project and Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, The Blue Brain Project's IBM BlueGene/Q System - BlueBrain IV, ETH Board . Gazzaniga, M., Ivry, R., and Mangun, G. (2019). It is argued that as the processes at the different levels of explanation take place at the same time, they are linked by a non-causal supervenient relationship: causality can best be described in brains as operating within but not between levels. However, the term “supervenience” may carry with it some implications for some philosophers. Name This includes the Appendices of Cerebral Cortex: Principles of Operation (Rolls, 2016) which describe the operation on neural networks including the attractor networks referred to in this manuscript. * Required, Email(will not be published) But I now argue that it is not a sufficient condition, at least in relation to mental and brain events. Learn more *Review Duration Slow, 6-12 Week(s) *Competitiveness Moderate. Next, it is argued that possible cases of “downward causation” can be accounted for by a within-levels-of-explanation account of causality. 2021: Understanding the functional and structural differences across excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Understanding temporal integration by the brain is expected to be among the premier topics to unite systems, cellular, computational, and cognitive neuroscience over the next decade. In this paper we discuss a general approach to linear stability of pulse-coupled neural networks for generic phase-response curves and post . Rolls, E. T., Cheng, W., and Feng, J. 0 views XX downloads; XX citations; Complex electroresponsive dynamics in olivocerebellar neurons represented with Extended-Generalized Leaky Integrate and Fire models. Rolls, E. T., Tovee, M. J., and Panzeri, S. (1999). One level is the neuron level. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1452-1_9, Rolls, E. T. (2012a). This can be understood as follows. here. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Review Speed, Peer-Review Duration, Time from Submission to 1st Editorial/Reviewer Decision & Time from Submission to Acceptance/Publication Much scientific and medical research is paid for with public funds. The computational level of events in the brain thus provides a causal, computational, account of how these synaptic events alter behavior so that attention and short-term memory change. Rev. Activity of the multi-functional networked neurons depends on their intrinsic states and bears both cell- and network-defined features. This book aims to compile and disseminate the latest research findings and best practices on how BCI is expanding the frontiers of knowledge in clinical practices, on the brain itself, and the underlying technologies. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience | Citations: 1,096 | Read 1100 articles with impact on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. This account may also fit why confabulation can occur in healthy people when the emotional decision-making system in the brain makes a decision, because the rational system has only imperfect access to the emotional decision system when the rational system is called on to provide reports. 76, 236–256. Open Access stands for unrestricted access and unrestricted reuse. Impact Factor 2.380 | CiteScore 4.7More on impact ›. With Open Access, researchers can read and build on the findings of others without restriction. n/a. 6月30日，2020 年度期刊引证报告（Journal Citation Reports, JCR）发布，Frontiers 共有 44 本期刊获得最新的期刊影响因子，另据 Dimension 数据显示，Frontiers 已成为文章被引次数排名全球第三的出版商。 除 Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience 获得首个影响因子外，绝大多数期刊影响因子涨幅超过 30%，Frontiers in Nutrition . Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience is an Open Access (OA) Journal. 22, 547–563. (Rolls, 2021a). The first part of the book is devoted to an overview of the dive sector, addressing different types of diving locations and their particular characteristics, the geographical distribution of dive locations, the origins of dive tourists, as ... This open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Neurodynamics of biased competition and co-operation for attention: a model with spiking neurons. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554, Kandel, E. R. (2001). 4, 309–333. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that promotes theoretical modeling of brain function and fosters multidisciplinary interactions between theoretical and experimental neuroscience. GRS NE800/801 Lab rotations (2 - 4 cr). My answer to the first key aim of this paper is that the theory of causality should be extended to include the three criteria listed above, and to go beyond purely interventionist approaches to diagnosing causality, at least for systems such as the brain and the mind, and for conventional digital computers. Genomic research progresses to proteomics and brings us to a deeper understanding of the behavior and function of protein clusters. And now proteomics gives way to neuroproteomics as we beg Alice Geminiani; Claudia Casellato . doi: 10.1007/s10539-006-9028-8, Dalla Barba, G., and Kopelman, M. (2017). This computational neuroscience approach provides an opportunity to proceed beyond Cartesian dualism and physical reductionism in considering the relations between the mind and the brain. With Open Access, researchers can read and build on the findings of others without restriction. Philos. As these changes in synaptic transmission relate to the symptoms (which involve the whole person), should this be considered as a case of across-level causation (Woodward, 2021a,b)? Specialty Chief Editors Jan G. Bjaalie at the University of Oslo and . Journal of Computational Neuroscience Published by Springer. Neurosci.」。 ISO 4（信息及文檔——標題字詞及出版物標題的縮寫規則）（英語：Information and documentation - Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications）是規定科學期刊等連續 . After traumatic brain injury (TBI), neuronal degeneration is one possible effect and can alter communication between neural circuits. But that is not how I see the system as operating in terms of causality. Open Access allows taxpayers to see the . But that does not mean that the higher level rules or Laws that describe the operation of the whole system have to act down to the lower level to cause effects there at the low level, whether synchronously, or after a time delay. In 2007, there were 45 papers published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, whereas in 2014 it was 3,012 (data from Scopus search for source title Frontiers in Neuroscience, which includes Frontiers journals in Human Neuroscience, Cellular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Systems Neuroscience, Integrative Neuroscience . The Computational Neuroscience curriculum supplements core neuroscience training with advanced training in a wide array of computational methods for (i) studying the nervous system; (ii) developing neuroscience-related technologies; (iii) and the critical thinking to use this knowledge to conduct rigorous and reproducible scientific discoveries. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.073. The proposal is that events at the sub-neuronal, neuronal, and neuronal network levels take place simultaneously to perform a . The Noisy Brain: Stochastic Dynamics as a Principle of Brain Function. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Key Factor Analysis Frontiers in Computational NeuroscienceのISSNは 1662-5188 です。 Here, we develop a Fisher information based framework to determine the conditions under which this is feasible for a given technology. Issues per year. So the operation of the system is implemented only at the lower level, and that is where causality acts, by the firing of individual neurons influencing other neurons through the modified synaptic weights. Science 306, 503–507. The neuronal encoding of information in the brain. View all Kim, J. n/a. 2:fcaa196. NEW RESEARCH TOPIC: Are you passionate about computational modelling of neuropsychological disorders? doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2007.10.001, Rolls, E. T. (2007b). We should be wary (due to the possibility of confabulation), because a claimed example of downward causation may in fact be incorrect, for in the case of confabulation the mental thought that is expressed is not in fact in the causal chain at all of why a behavior or action may have occurred. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience 15 (March), 1-17, 2021. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Published by Frontiers Research Foundation. Different levels can be defined by for example matters of scale and numbers. (2019). One concept of causality that has been advanced for systems with different levels is that because a Law can be specified for a system such as what is shown in Eqn (2) at a high level (the population of neurons level), then that Law or rule of operation formulated at the high level provides “downward causation” to the lower level, to in this case result in the number of stable attractor basins being limited to what is shown in Eqn. 11:655. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00655, Rolls, E. T. (2021a). Another possible case considered as “downward causation” in physics is when a higher level Law “causes” an effect at a lower level (Ellis, 2020). The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Found. Even the characterization of idealized regimes, such as a perfectly periodic spiking activity, reveals unexpected difficulties. 94, 295–313. In the present case, the account is that reduced synaptic transmission (caused for example by high synaptic pruning or reduced NMDA receptor conductances) reduces the firing rates of populations of neurons, which destabilizes the attractor neuronal networks in the prefrontal cortex (Rolls, 2021b,c). The fact that transmitters such as acetylcholine with widespread effects modulate the excitability of the whole population of neurons of course influences how stable the states are (Rolls and Deco, 2015b), but does not raise new issues about causality. Now these prefrontal cortex attractor networks are involved in maintaining items in short-term memory, and in holding on-line in short term memory the top-down bias required to bias processing in some parts of the brain thus providing a mechanism for top-down attention (Deco and Rolls, 2005a,b; Luo et al., 2013; Rolls, 2021c). This is likely to reflect a general association or correlation. 11, 335–346. Psychiatry 11:215. Psychol. A minimum of two rotations (each 1 credit) is required. , 2015. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233151.003.0004, Rolls, E. T. (2011). At this level of explanation, we can see how sets of networks could implement a multistep algorithm. It is proposed that causality, at least as it applies to the brain, should satisfy three conditions. Brain Computations: What and How. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory. In all cases, the computation can be understood at the network level, and not at the single neuron level (Rolls, 2021c). 34: 2014: A network model of basal ganglia for understanding the roles of dopamine and serotonin in reward-punishment-risk based decision making. Modeling brain connections to understand Parkinson's disease. Much scientific and medical research is paid for with public funds. Frontiers Editorial Office Avenue du Tribunal Fédéral 34 CH – 1005 Lausanne Switzerland Tel +41(0)21 510 17 40 Fax +41 (0)21 510 17 01, computationalneuroscience.editorial.office@frontiersin.org, Frontiers Support Tel +41(0)21 510 17 10 Fax +41 (0)21 510 17 01 support@frontiersin.org, Avenue du Tribunal Fédéral 34 CH – 1005 Lausanne Switzerland, Tel +41(0)21 510 17 40 Fax +41 (0)21 510 17 01, For all queries regarding manuscripts in Review and potential conflicts of interest, please contact (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.047. If one neuron i has a high firing rate and j has a low firing rate and they are connected by a strong synaptic weight, then each neuron will tend to change the other into its state, and this will contribute to instability. A 32, 1007–1018. 2020. Journal info (provided by editor) The editor of Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience has not yet provided information for this page. Now of course the operation of the system in terms of its storage capacity can be explained, and analyzed, at the higher level, where the interactions between the whole population of neurons can be understood, and specified as rules or Laws of the operation of the system. An ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines and periodicals of all kinds and on all media-print and electronic. Second, the causally related events should be at the same level of explanation. (1998). doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.08.004, Deco, G., and Rolls, E. T. (2005b). Neuropsychologia 107, 84–93. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal. The criteria would have to include also a restriction to events at the same level of explanation. [More formally, where X and Y are variables, X causes Y if there are some possible interventions that would change the value of X and if such intervention were to occur, a regular change in the value of Y would occur (Woodward, 2020, 2021b)]. Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex. S Saeb, M Zhang, CJ Karr, SM Schueller, ME Corden, KP Kording, . Neural Netw. Research Topics views & downloads (total) Contributing authors (total) Research Topics with eBooks (total) Visit the journal; Connect with us; For more information: Frontiers' Report. One is what the implications are for theories of causality. Philosophy of Mind. Schneider, B., and Koenigs, M. (2017). In such systems we can describe correlations between levels, or superveniences between levels of operation of the system, but the mechanistic, causal, computational account is best dealt with in this case at the brain level of explanation. 64: 2013: Learning complex cell invariance from natural videos: A plausibility proof. About Maxlab. My answer to the second key question is thus that explanation of the causes of behavior and mental states at the mechanistic level of the operation of networks of neurons in the brain and what they are computing may provide a more accurate account for the cause of a choice or action than for example the report given by an individual at the mental level. (2016), "Encoding of Tactile Stimuli by Mechanoreceptors and Interneurons of the Medicinal Leech", Frontiers in physiology 7 . The thrust of this argument is that temporal order is also a useful criterion to identify causality, at least at the macro level of events in the mind and the brain; and in computers. One type of route is via the language systems of the brain, which allow explicit (verbalizable) decisions involving multistep syntactic planning to be implemented. J. Philos. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience presents high-quality, original articles where all submitted articles are peer reviewed to provide top quality. My approach proposes that there is a necessary relation between a lower level and an upper level of explanation / operation, with events at the neural level always (i.e., necessarily) being related to some mental event at the higher level; and vice versa. How the computational levels relate to each other has been described with examples by Rolls (2020, 2021a). Core seminar course for all GPN students. The bases for this argument, that causality operates within but not between the levels of operation and explanation of the system are set out for both minds / brains and for computers by Rolls (2021a). computationalneuroscience@frontiersin.org, Tel +41(0)21 510 17 10 This is the Citationsy guide to Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience citations, reference lists, in-text citations, and bibliographies. The use of robotic tutors in primary school classrooms is one step closer according to research recently published in the open access journal Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience.. Dr Imbernòn Cuadrado and his co-workers at the Department of Artificial Intelligence in Madrid have developed an integrated computational architecture (ARTIE) for use .

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