han dynasty burial practices

Han funerary practices extend to this day in the form of burning paper money and models, the idea being that the smoke carries these representations to heaven, just as the smoke from the fires of ancestral altars in the Shang carried offerings to the ancestors thousands of years earlier. (capital at Luoyang) The Han began with a devastating fight between two rebel groups, one led by Xiang Yu, the other by the leader who would eventually succeed, Liu Bang. Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods.... Read More. The Maoling Mausoleum is the largest of the tombs constructed by the emperors of the Han Dynasty, as well as its most famous. Earthenware burial jars painted with bold swirling patterns survive from the Neolithic period, some even containing the remains of food. One of the most impressive loan items . If they were able to ease its passage into the next world, they reasoned, the dead person would not turn into an evil spirit that would return to make trouble for the living. Instructions: Read the following story from Han times. The cicada has been partly abstracted to emphasize its form, a wide head near the top and long, pointed wings. As precious burial objects show, both societies developed very complex rites and funeral customs. In Scholastic Guides: How to Write Poetry you will learn how to -- prepare to write poetry by keeping a journal and creating a Poet's Wordbank -- begin by writing humorous short poems -- end your lines with rhyming words -- write free verse ... Local burial practices seems to prevail throughout the Western Han period, in both the furnishing assemblage and in the architectural style. The Chinese burial practice, no matter what era or dynasty, was conducted with ritual ceremonies and the inclusion of personal property in the tomb or grave of the deceased (Elliot Siamonga 2016). Tomb robbers may have looted some of the more precious items, and fabrics may have rotten away. Type. QIN ARTEFACTS. However, they didn’t… The experts of archaeology didn’t see the body at all except a little bone ash during excavation. Bronze from the Tomb of Chu in Xichuan County. By the Eastern Han dynasty (A.D. 9-220), the conventional order of the twelve Chinese zodiac animals was well established—rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. The goal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Vessel, China, 1300-1050 BC. burial practices. Artisans, or craftspeople, were one of several groups in Han society that made up the class of commoners. Neatly arranged around this central tomb are the empress’ tomb, burial pits (in the north and south), a ceremonial site, a human sacrifice graveyard, and a criminal’s cemetery. So people believed in one concept at that time: serve the dead as if they were alive, and that is where the lavish burial custom came from.I was stunned by a large number of cultural relics in the tomb.Tons of precious potteries and burial objects were found in the tombs, including a couple of jade suits, which amazed the world.The jade suit covered the body from head to toe with around 2,000 pure jade pieces. These beliefs and practices have deep meaning for the psychology of religion. Eastern Han 25-220 C.E. Measuring millions of square feet in size, the tombs resembled palaces and were packed full of everything and anything the royal would need in the afterlife, from concubines to weapons, musical instruments, food, cooking utensils and ornaments of all kinds. The soul of a person was believed to leave the body at death, in order to take its place in the spirit world. In this exciting book, Ronald Suleski introduces daily life for the common people of China in the century from 1850 to 1950. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exist countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained. Found inside – Page 23618 Alain Thote, 'Burial Practices as Seen in Rulers' Tombs of the Eastern Zhou Period: Patterns and Regional Traditions', ... Han Dynasty Funerary Pictorial Art),Zhongguo Han huayanjiu (Art of the Han Dynasty),2 (2005), pp.39–55. There used to be a spring at the foot, but it dried up in 1967, a year before the Han Tomb of Mancheng was discovered.The Han Tomb of Mancheng belongs to the first King of Zhongshan of the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C. Ranging chronologically from the Neolithic to the present, and spatially from northern to southern mainland China and Taiwan, this book highlights the varied approaches that archaeologists and art historians use when attempting to ... (Tony Hisgett / CC BY-SA 2.0 ). 'Choosing a burial site, about 1170, from Chu His's Family Rituals, translated by Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Princeton University Press, 1991. The Han dynasty had a dominant effect on Chinese history and culture, and its governmental, cultural, and technological achievements were emulated by the dynasties that followed. Browse, search and book onto our unrivalled event programme for all ages and levels of expertise. Goose-shaped bronze lamp excavated from the tomb of Marquis of Haihun. Many of these emperors were buried not far from the ancient Han capital of Chang’an in what have been called some of the most spectacular tombs in the world. Emotional Death: Tombs and Burial Practices in the Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Today, Chinese religion is a complex mix of Chinese folk religion, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Communist anti-religious sentiment. Since ancient times (roughly from the Shang Dynasty, lasting from 1,556 B.C. Differences Preserved presents works excavated from two sets of tombs in northern China. Found inside – Page 174The Jurchen seem to have rejected Han burial practices. The few Jurchen tombs discovered so far are simple shafts or wood or stone coffins without a tomb, a custom dating from predynastic times. Even the Jin imperial burials, ... to 220 A.D. and was the second imperial dynasty of China. Abstract. An enhanced array of line drawings, a Chinese-character glossary, and extensive notes and bibliography enhance the author's discussion. Historians and students of gender and early China alike will find this book an invaluable overview. • This tower is an example of the burial goods known as mingqi. Bronze was one of the most important of the many materials used for grave goods. Wang Mang (also called Xin dynasty or Wang interregnum) 9-23 C.E. Explore the V&A's huge range of events about the designed world, from blockbuster exhibitions to intimate displays and installations, world-class talks, casual and accredited training courses and conferences with expert contemporary speakers. The Disc of Sabu: Ancient Egyptian Water Pump or Alien Hyperdrive? . Another group of royal Han tombs is located in Xuzhou (in the Jiangsu province), the ancestral home of the Han royal family. The discovery can provide an insight into the history and burial customs of Sichuan. Ancient Pyramids in an Icy Landscape: Was There an Ancient Civilization in Antarctica? Think of something that one might be buried with today. Reporter: Li Yimei  Scriptwriter: Li Yimei Editor: Ai YanCopy editor: Xuyen NguyenChief editors: Chen Ran, Lin Dongwei Cover image: Yin Yating  Executive producer: Zhang Xiaohe Producer: Si Nan Supervisor: Zhang Shilei, Copyright © 2018 CGTN. Clay tomb figurines proliferated in the Han Dynasty, replacing an earlier tradition of human and animal sacrifice. Burial practices in . Elements of this ancient custom live on today in the practice of burning paper representation of luxury goods at Chinese funerals. . Qin Shi Huangdi announced himself the First Emperor of . (Siyuwj / CC BY-SA 4.0 ). Over their time in power, the Jin had adopted a number of Song customs and traditions, including some funerary practices. In 201 B.C.E, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty appointed his . Other objects found in graves show that life in the hereafter was thought to be much the same as on earth. The Han Dynasty was the first . Buildings, human figures, domestic animals and utensils all feature. Maybe that lies the significance of the archeology, the history, and this journey. By Kristin Hugo On 3/27/18 at 2:46 PM EDT. And I was surprised to know that Liu Sheng, the owner of the tomb, liked drinking very much. The tombs were made of large cypress planks. During the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, individual occupation of mountain forests and river marshes was . Museum no. For burial, the Six Dynasties inherited clan burial customs of the Han Dynasty. The jade was cut into square, rectangular, and triangular shapes and threaded with wire to cover the entire body, like a suit of armor. Reconstructed model of how Yangling Mausoleum looked like when it was built. The cicada has been partly abstracted to emphasize its form, a wide head near the top and long, pointed wings. Chinese burial practices were not bound to any particular religion, and most people were very fluid with their allegiances. The Mystery of Egyptian Tomb KV55 in the Valley of the Kings. Chinese Confucianism has its own system and has evolved a set of mourning and burial ceremonies which have common characteristics. Cong cylinders, China, 2800-1900 BC. The proper conduct of the burial ceremony has always been a matter of great importance to the Chinese. Each dynasty was marked by particular practises that set it aside from the previous Dynasties. The proper conduct of the burial ceremony has always been a matter of great importance to the Chinese. . For more than 2,000 years, an underground army of life-sized Terracotta Warriors secretly guarded the tomb of China's First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, until a chance discovery in 1974 revealed them to an astounded world.This book explores the ... . – 8 A.D.) Liu Sheng, and his wife Dou Wan. Nevertheless, many of the remaining artifacts are today displayed in the Maoling Museum. [Online] Available at: http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/atam/115108.htmChinadaily.com, 2015. He was then demoted to the rank of marquis. There is a tiny statuette together with the mould from which it was made, indicating that by the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) fairly cheap figures could be mass-produced for the less well-off. Pillow, unknown maker, 1279-1368. A second tomb that was also unearthed at the site was dated to the Eastern Han Dynasty, AD 25 to 220, and contained just 13 objects including an iron cauldron and stand. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. [Online] Available at: https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/maoling.htmTravelChinaGuide, 2019. – 220 A.D.). Eastern Han dynasty (A.D. 25-220) As burial practices filtered down from the Han aristocracy to officials and landowners, tomb models related to farming, an honored occupation, became increasingly popular. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings.Â, Ancient Origins © 2013 - 2021Disclaimer - Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy - Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Many examples of these can be seen at the V&A. The Han dynasty integrated and created the concepts of soul and spirit, belief in immortals, yin and yang theory, and the induction of heaven and man since the pre-Qin Dynasty, forming a set of funeral and burial customs that integrate functions, customs, and ideas, as well as matching images. Inevitably, most of them come from the graves of the few with wealth and power; the lives of most people passed into history unrecorded. P. Michèle. The Maoling, mausoleum of Han Emperor Wu Di at Xingping, Shaanxi Province. 2. The elite men and women of the Han dynasty (China's second imperial dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) - Shi Huangdi required all men to serve military or labor service. Introduction to ancient Rome. Using archaeological data to examine the development of Han dynasty Chinese art (206 BC-AD 220), this book focusses on the iconography of paradise. At the center of the burial complex is the emperor’s tomb. The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (202 BC-220 AD), established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.Preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu-Han contention (206-202 BC), it was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9-23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang . By Leslie Wallace. These are the familiar images of ancient Rome, but what was it really like? [Online] Available at: https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/han/TravelChinaGuide, 2019. Surprising Stone Age Knowledge Revealed on a Mammoth Bone Bracelet. Until he . . We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. The Han dynasty culture is a solid evidence of the great things that the Chinese, during the Han dynasty, have achieved. Han Dynasty. (2017). With paths and four chambers representing kitchen, warehouse, living room and bedroom, the tomb is exactly like a real “house” for people to live.I learned from Chen that in the Paleolithic Age, which could be dated back to 3.3 million years ago, people believed the immortality of the souls after death. This is a jade object in the form of a cicada (tsan) used for burial purposes in the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). This is reflected in academic and professional literature, in the popular media and in the proliferation of professional roles and training courses associated with aspects of death and dying. Since 1968, 20 jade burial suits have been discovered, all from the Han Dynasty, which existed from 206 B.C. In this concise volume, Michael Loewe provides an engaging overview of the government of the early empires of China. The Greek Alexander Romance, often referred to as a ‘pseudo-Callisthenes’ production, is in one form or another one of the most influential and widely read books of all time; it has birthed a whole literary genre on Alexander the Great and his campaigns across the Persian Empire. China - China - The Shang dynasty: The Shang dynasty—the first Chinese dynasty to leave historical records—is thought to have ruled from about 1600 to 1046 bce. Similar burial customs have not been found associated with the . The bronze dice found in Dou Wan’s tomb has 18 sides, which is really different from what we have today. I couldn’t help imagining the lives of those who lived in the Han Dynasty. Figure, China, 700-750. Museum nos. Was there a Common Writing System used by Pacific Islanders? Specifically, this jade was meant to be placed on the tongue, and was part of a set of jade plugs or coverings for the body. Consolidating the empire involved not merely geographical expansion, but also bringing together and reconciling the ideas and practices that had developed in the . There is no doubt that the Ancient Egyptian civilization is filled with wonders and mysteries beyond our comprehension. Death of course brings boundless grief to the living, but the living have traditionally held grand, even extravagant . Astonishing Human Heads: Do Satellite Photographs Now Prove Existence of Humans on Antarctica…6000 Years Ago? Email. Containers filled with food and drink provided sustenance on the journey to the spirit world. Specifically, this jade was meant to be placed on the tongue, and was part of a set of jade plugs or coverings for the body. In the funeral practices of the West Han Dynasty, the cemetery tended to imitate the living space -- as evident in the form and structures of buildings from this era. These tombs belonged to the Marquis of Dai and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Changsha, Li Cang . Beginning with the first Emperor of Qin and then with the Western Han Dynasty, a fundamental transformation of ancient Chinese burial practices can be noted . Mingqi were buried with the dead. . The Han dynasty ran from 202 BC to 220 AD and is considered a golden age in Chinese history. It is commonly accepted that conceptions of soul and afterlife must have developed among many human societies — China included — long before the appearance of written evidence. This book provides a well-illustrated introduction to the charm and artistry of Chinese tomb figurines. AFTERLIFE: CHINESE CONCEPTS. Funerary figures, like those featured in this exhibition, were placed inside burial chambers, which were conceived of as eternal dwellings for the deceased. Important funerals were sponsored by the state and were a way for the imperial government to strengthen ties with influential Chinese families and even solidify loyalty with foreign emissaries and the governments they represented. /CGTN Photo. In Entombed Epigraphy and Commemorative Culture Timothy M. Davis explains the social, cultural, and religious significance of early medieval muzhiming —one of the most versatile and persistent commemorative forms employed in the elite ... Walking along the tomb is like walking in a time tunnel. Fortunately, Waley had an impressive circle of friends from whom Ivan Morris has collected the articles that form the first part of this book. Emperor Wu Di was the fifth ruling monarch of the Western Han Dynasty, going by the name Liu Che (156 BC-87 BC). Han Dynasty burial practices. The tomb of this emperor is known as the Maoling Mausoleum, which is located in Xingping (a county in the Shaanxi province), about 40 km (25 miles) from Chang’an (known as Xi’an today). With detailed illustrations and archival images, Egyptologist Wolfram Grajetzki describes and compares the opulent tombs of eminent and royal women from the late Middle Kingdom, shedding new light on how the gendered and social identities ... The Bizarre Tales of Four Lesser Known English Mermaids. – Part I, Archeoastronomy Reveals Cosmic Dynastic Divide in Chinese Burial Pyramids, Part II: The End Comes Slowly - The Last Han Dynasty Emperors, In Search of the Legendary 1,000-ft White Pyramid of Xian. The Living Dead: Chinese Hopping Vampires. (Posthumously, Liu Bang was known as Gaodi.) Found inside – Page 21In Mongol tradition , human sacrifice reemerged briefly , but it never fully regained its earlier prominence . Funerals and burials continued to grow in extravagance despite attempts during the Han dynasty ( 206 B.C.-A.D. 220 ) to ... Concerned about making sure he was immortal he set . Found inside – Page 9Almost equally well preserved Han bodies, Debuted on US National Geographic Channel, 9/6/2004, As part of the ... FOUND POETRY TITLE: THE TOMB AND OCCUPANTS The tombs followed a mixture of Chu and western Han Dynasty Burial practices. The site tells an interesting story of ancient burial practices. Practices: Confucianism does not contain all of the elements of some other religions, like Christianity and Islam. The jade burial suit discovered in the Han Tomb of Mancheng in Hebei Province, north China. The Han used this practice to expand their territory and construct lots of infrastructure. The tomb complex is significant for archaeologists today as it is “the best-preserved royal tombs of the Western Han Dynasty ever discovered in China”, and contains “the most complete structure, the clearest layout as well as the most complete ritual system by far.” Additionally, it was reported in 2015 that more than 10,000 pieces have been unearthed from the tombs and includes ancient coins, bronze cooking vessels, jade pendants, and a lacquer screen with a portrait supposedly of Confucius. Most are of ceramic: with low-fired lead glazes but in east China the Yue kilns made burial models in the local technique, high-fired with green . They once lived in the world…just like us. It comes from the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 8 AD). Authors. Jade Burial Suit, Han Dynasty China "Royal members of the Han dynasty were buried in ceremonial suits of jade. Rumors abounded regarding Roman emperors... A well-preserved slave room has been discovered at Villa Civita Giuliana, a wealthy suburb of Pompeii located about 700 meters (2296.59 ft.) northwest of the city walls. The Han dynasty is oftentimes regarded as one of the most successful of all the Chinese dynasties. The Han Tomb of Mancheng in Hebei Province, north China. This innovative collection opens a door into the rich history of animals in China. This title is also available as Open Access. For example, burial goods, or mingqi in Chinese, can reveal how people in the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) viewed their afterlife as it related to life in this world.Mingqi included a range of objects from household goods to entertainers, pets and decorative objects, which . . Since ancient times (roughly from the Shang Dynasty, lasting from 1,556 B.C. Inset: Ancient Chinese dragon made from gold ( Lukas Hlavac / Adobe Stock ), Asian Art Museum, 2019. The Obscure Origins of the Greek Alexander Romance. With this informative book, we are present at the creation of an ancient imperial order whose major features would endure for two millennia. Jin, Hui-Han. The violence of war and sacrifice were not the antithesis of civilization at Shang Anyang, but rather its foundation. More Than 100 Han Dynasty Tombs Discovered in China The Epoch Times - June 17, 2014 Chinese archaeologists have discovered more than one hundred tombs from the Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) in Jiangsu province, Eastern China. to A.D. 220. A rich family might employ both a Daoist and a Buddhist priest to officiate at a funeral, or invite an expert in the Confucian classics to read out texts expressing the value of family ties beyond the grave. Although criticized by social reformers, lavish burial customs In order to understand modern expressions of Chinese religion, it is important to learn about the past. The tomb becomes an underground "palace", and the standard burial equipment (mostly bronze ritual vessels, bells and . The gilded bronze horse is more than two feet tall and is the largest ever found in China. The tomb of Emperor Jingdi from the second century BCE is quite remarkable for the number of statues of servants and soldiers buried with him. Then, think of the reading from this lesson and try to identify at least 5 things that Wang's story tells us about Han society. to 220 A.D who served as the second dynasty in China's long history. The Marquis of Haihun’s tomb was discovered in 2011 and excavations were conducted until 2016. The Han Dynasty was known for jade burial suits, ceremonial suits made of pieces of jade in which members of the royalty were buried. They believe that the souls of their lost ancestors would protect and bless their offspring, and manipulate the worldly affairs. These tombs are usually located further away from Chang’an. A number of tombs belonging to the kings and queens of Chu were discovered by accident, either during construction projects or during attempted robberies and were subsequently excavated. City of Rome overview—origins to the archaic period. This tower is an example of a tower built to protect a household. Like all the other dynasties, religion played a great role in shaping the rule of those in power. Another well-known royal Han tomb is the Yangling Mausoleum, which is the burial place of Emperor Wu’s father and predecessor, Emperor Jing of Han. Han Dynasty 206 BC to 220 AD | more information. to 1,046 B.C. Even during the Han Dynasty, burial practices still indicated the belief that the Emperor would need his servants and would need protection in the afterlife. The first major reassessment of ancient Chinese religion to appear in recent years, this book presents the religious mentality of the period through personal and daily experiences. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? Together, and for the first time in any language, the 24 essays gathered in these volumes provide a composite picture of the history of religion in ancient China from the emergence of writing ca. 1250 BC to the collapse of the first major ... The Han used both these practices, facilitating the growth of the Chinese economy and the Silk Road trade. Thesis or Dissertation. Han dynasty (c.206 BC - AD 220) burial practices included placing models of everyday things in tombs. The Han dynasty culture is a solid evidence of the great things that the Chinese, during the Han dynasty, have achieved. Erlitou, in north-central Henan, for example, was initially . Emotional Death: Tombs and Burial Practices in the Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. . The Shang rulers, for instance, took their servants with them into the afterlife and big tombs contained as many as 350 bodies. Excavation of Haihunhou Tomb in China Completed. By the Han dynasty, the tombs that housed such chambers had evolved from relatively . I always took it for granted that tombs should be underground, but this one is on the top of a mountain. Set of twelve zodiac animals 8th century. Lost Mongol Capital of Karakorum Mapped Properly for the First Time, 1,200-Year-Old Ho-Chunk Dugout Canoe Found In Wisconsin Lake, Bringing History to Life: Immense Pictish Fort is Reconstructed in 3D, Skeleton of an Archaic Homo naledi Child Found in Rising Star Cave. It is primarily an ethical system to which rituals at important times during one's lifetime have been added. Adorned with beautifully decorated walls, they were furnished with everything that the occupant might need in the hereafter. The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 B.C. It was one of the most complete and well-preserved tombs of the Han Dynasty (202 B.C. One such tomb is that of the Marquis of Haihun , located in Xinjian (a the district in Jiangxi province). Found inside – Page 6111 Xu Hong, 'Luelun wo guo shiqian shiqi wengguanzang' [A short discussion on prehistorical jar-burials found in ... in funerary practices in the Six Dynasties period: The duisuguan or “figure jar”', in Wu Hung, ed., Between Han and ... ), Chinese people believed that the souls of the dead lived in another world: the nether world and graves were their earthly residences. This region played a very important part in Chinese history and it was often the base for rebellious generals and independent empires, such as . One must, however, distinguish Shang as an archaeological term from Shang as a dynastic one. Unearthing Han Tombs. Like the Warring States-Qin burials (403-206 B.C. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. When, lo! Early Chinese Religion Part one: Shang through Han , edited by John Lagerwey and Marc Kalinowski, Leiden, Brill, 2009. A40, 46, 50-1936. Han dynasty (c.206 BC - AD 220) burial practices included placing models of everyday things in tombs. A rebel leader named Liu Bang, or Emporer Gaozu of Han, founded the new dynasty and reunited China after the Qin Dynasty fell apart in 207 B.C. 'Nevertheless there are five problems one must give attention in picking a burial site. Megalithic Sites Are More than Just Stone, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. One of the most famous emperors of the Han Dynasty was Emperor Wu of Han, who reigned from 141 to 87 BC. We use cookies to enhance your experience on V&A websites. - 8 A.D.) Liu Sheng, and his wife Dou Wan. The Silk Road trade route was established during this time and its starting point in Xi'an contributed to the city being one of China's Four Great Ancient Capitals. The Han dynasty was the second great imperial dynasty of China (206 BCE-220 CE), after the Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BCE). An examination of the links between religion and statecraft and how they affected the concept of monarchy during the Han dynasty. While Cao Cao . The underground tomb space replicates the housing space on the ground, because people believed that the tomb was the home of the deceased in the underground spiritual world. While human sacrifices and chariot burials where a feature of the Shang times, the Qin period that followed is known for its impressive tombs and burial bits, such as those of the first emperors (Heinemann: Funerary practices, page 30). The Stone Age is the longest period of human history, lasting from 2.6 million years ago to about 5,000 years ago. Yangling Mausoleum of Han Dynasty (Hanyangling). Han dynasty tomb architecture, tombs to house the dead, underwent significant changes during the Han period (206 BCE to 220 CE).. Western Han imperial practice had been to offer sacrifice at the ancestral temple. They were extremely expensive and took years to complete." Jazz Funeral, New Orleans

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